http://bdigital2.ula.ve:8080/xmlui/654321/21674 2026-04-17T02:29:34Z http://bdigital2.ula.ve:8080/xmlui/654321/23079 Expossoma alimentar: conceitos, métodos de avaliação e impactos sobre a saúde. Revisão narrativa Costa Maia, Carla Soraya; Sena-Evangelista, Karine CM; Nogueira, Maria Dinara de Araújo; Oliveira Ricarte, Juliana Raissa; De Carli, Eduardo; Zanin Palchetti, Cecília; Marchioni, Dirce Maria O expossoma é definido como a medida cumulativa de influências ambientais e respostas biológicas associadas ao longo da vida, incluindo exposições do meio ambiente, dieta, comportamento e processos endógenos. Esse artigo objetivou revisar os conceitos e características do expossoma, contextualizando o expossoma alimentar, seus métodos de avaliação e estudos relevantes sobre a associação entre dieta, metabolômica e desfechos em saúde. Trata-se de revisão narrativa, compilando as evidências científicas com base em artigos publicados a partir de 2005, quando o conceito de expossoma foi inicialmente citado. O expossoma alimentar se refere ao conjunto de exposições dietéticas de um indivíduo ao longo da vida, englobando nutrientes, não-nutrientes (polifenóis, carotenóides e outros compostos bioativos), contaminantes, aditivos alimentares e suplementos dietéticos. A partir da digestão, absorção e biotransformação desses nutrientes e compostos alimentares pelo metabolismo do indivíduo e da microbiota intestinal, diversos metabólitos são produzidos e podem ser quantificados, o que caracteriza o metaboloma alimentar. A mensuração do metaboloma alimentar pode auxiliar no entendimento e caracterização do expossoma alimentar individual ou de uma população, pois sua aplicação permite quantificar metabólitos endógenos, detectar químicos exógenos e identificar como o metaboloma responde aos fatores externos, como diferenças na dieta ou localização geográfica. Perante ao exposto, a dieta é uma das maiores fontes de exposição ambiental, considerando a sua característica biopsicossocial complexa e variável, tornando-se um atributo individual de alto potencial exploratório em abordagens de expossoma. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2025; 75(2): 222-233.; The exposome is defined as the cumulative measurements of environmental influences and associated biological responses across the life cycle, including exposures from the environment, diet, behavior, and endogenous processes. This article aimed to review the concepts and characteristics of the exposome, contextualizing the food exposome, its evaluation methods and relevant studies on the association between diet, metabolomics and health outcomes. This article is a narrative review that has compiled scientific evidence from national and international literature published since 2005, when the concept of exposome was initially created. Food exposome refers to the set of dietary exposures of an individual throughout life, encompassing nutrients, non- nutrients (polyphenols, carotenoids and other bioactive compounds), contaminants, food additives and dietary supplements. From the digestion, absorption in the intestine and biotransformation of these nutrients and food compounds by the metabolism of the individual and the intestinal microbiota, several metabolites are produced and can be quantified, which characterizes food metabolome. Measuring food metabolome can help in understanding and characterizing the individual or population food exposome, as its application allows quantifying endogenous metabolites, detecting exogenous chemicals and identifying how the metabolome responds to external factors, such as differences in diet or geographic location. Given the above, diet is one of the largest sources of environmental exposure, considering its complex and variable biopsychosocial characteristic, making it an individual attribute with high exploratory potential in exposome approaches. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2025; 75(2): 222-233. 2025-08-25T00:00:00Z http://bdigital2.ula.ve:8080/xmlui/654321/23078 Importancia de la agrobiodiversidad en el consumo alimentario en regiones rurales: Una revisión sistemática Martínez-Villanueva, Magali; Maldonado-Suárez, Neiber; Navarro-Meza, Mónica Introducción: La agrobiodiversidad comprende especies vegetales, animales y microorganismos recolectados, cultivados y domesticados por el humano. Desempeña un papel clave en la alimentación y la salud de adultos que viven en regiones rurales, los cuales contribuyen a su conservación, mediante la transmisión biocultural de generación en generación. Dicha diversidad se está perdiendo y podría afectar el acceso, la calidad y el consumo de los alimentos en la población adulta rural. Objetivo. Mostrar evidencia sobre la relación entre agrobiodiversidad y consumo de alimentos en adultos que residen en la ruralidad. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA. Se consultaron las bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO y ProQuest, para seleccionar estudios originales publicados entre 2009 y 2025 que incluyeran las variables: agrobiodiversidad, consumo, población adulta y ruralidad. Resultados. Se identificaron 2662 estudios, de estos, catorce cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, diez se centraron en la participación de las mujeres y cuatro consideraron a jefes de hogar de ambos sexos. Nueve estudios incluyeron poblaciones indígenas y cuatro a población mestiza. Factores como la diversidad de especies principalmente vegetales se relacionaron con el consumo de alimentos además de educación, ingresos, sexo del jefe de hogar, edad, estacionalidad y acceso a mercados. Conclusiones. La agrobiodiversidad favorece al consumo de alimentos saludables en regiones rurales, principalmente en grupos de adultos vulnerables como mujeres e indígenas. Se resalta la necesidad de revalorar y promover la preservación de la agrobiodiversidad que favorezca el consumo saludable en la población rural. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2025; 75(3): 209-221.; Introduction: Agrobiodiversity includes plant species, animals and microorganisms collected, cultivated and domesticated by humans. It had a key role in adult´s diet and health in rural regions that contribute to their conservation across bio cultural transmission from generation to generation. The ongoing loss of agrobiodiversity may negatively impact food access, nutritional quality, and consumption patterns among rural populations. Objective. To show evidence of the relationship between agrobiodiversity and food consumption in adults living in rural areas. Materials and Methods. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, and ProQuest were consulted to select original studies published between 2009 and 2025 that included the variables agrobiodiversity, food consumption, adult population, and rural communities. Results. A total of 2662 studies were identified, fourteen with inclusion criteria; ten studies focused on women's participation, while four considered heads of households of both sexes. Nine studies included indigenous populations, while four involved mestizo populations. Factors such as diversity of plant species had related to food consumption besides that education, income, sex of the head of household, age, seasonality and access to markets. Conclusions. Agrobiodiversity supports consumption of foods in rural regions, mainly benefiting vulnerable groups such as women and indigenous people. There is a need to reassess and promote preservation of agrobiodiversity and healthy consumption among rural populations. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2025; 75(3): 209-221. 2025-07-29T00:00:00Z http://bdigital2.ula.ve:8080/xmlui/654321/23076 Alergias alimentarias: aspectos clave para su definición, diagnóstico y tratamiento nutricional Dávila López, M. Camila; Restrepo-Mesa, Sandra L.; Burgos-Salazar, Anghy M.; Chinchilla, Carlos; Torres Salinas, Carlos Hugo; Becerra-Granados, Luis Miguel; Morales de León, Guadalupe; Henao Roldan, Caterine Introducción: Las alergias alimentarias (AA) tienen una prevalencia creciente y un impacto significativo en el estado nutricional de los pacientes. Se caracteriza por síntomas cutáneos, respiratorios, cardiovasculares y gastrointestinales, cuyo tratamiento inicial está centrado en la eliminación del alérgeno alimentario. Objetivo: documentar aspectos clave de la definición, diagnóstico y tratamiento nutricional de las AA. Materiales y métodos: revisión narrativa (2023–2024) de artículos científicos encontrados en Pubmed, Dialnet, ScienceDirect y Emberber, además libros y guías de manejo, usando descriptores como “alergia alimentaria”, “nutrición infantil” y “dieta de eliminación”. Resultados: se partió de 921 documentos, en el análisis se incluyeron 65. La prevalencia mundial en edad pediátrica varía entre 1-8%. Los alérgenos más comunes son proteínas de la leche de vaca y huevo. El diagnóstico incluye pruebas cutáneas, IgE específica y de provocación oral. El tratamiento principal es la eliminación dietética, además de inmunoterapia y fármacos para aminorar síntomas. Se encontró que las AA pueden afectar el estado nutricional y alterar el crecimiento y desarrollo de los menores. Discusión: la AA compromete la salud nutricional infantil, asociado a carencias nutricionales causadas por malabsorción y bajo consumo de nutrientes por las dietas de eliminación, prácticas evitativas y restrictivas. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento requieren equipos interdisciplinarios y acompañamiento familiar. Aún existen vacíos en protocolos e investigaciones sobre el impacto nutricional. Conclusiones: la AA se clasifica según el mediador inmunológico implicado, requiere de un diagnóstico y tratamiento guiado por dieta de eliminación. La atención médico - nutricional oportuna y adaptada al contexto, es clave para prevenir la malnutrición. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2025; 75(3): 196-208.; Introduction: Food allergies (FA) are increasingly prevalent and have a significant impact on the nutritional status of patients. It is characterized by cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms, whose initial treatment is focused on the elimination of the food allergen. Objective: document key aspects of the definition, diagnosis and nutritional treatment of AA. Materials and methods: narrative review (2023-2024) of scientific articles found in Pubmed, Dialnet, ScienceDirect and Emberber, in addition to books and management guides, using descriptors such as “food allergy”, “child nutrition” and “elimination diet”. Results: 921 documents were used, 65 were included in the analysis. The worldwide prevalence of FA in pediatric age varies between 1-8%. The most common allergens are milk and egg, depending on dietary patterns. Diagnosis includes skin testing, specific IgE and oral challenge test. The main treatment is dietary elimination, in addition to immunotherapy, and pharmacological treatment to ameliorate symptoms. It was found that FA can affect nutritional status and alter the growth and development of children. Discussion: FA compromises children's nutritional health, associated with nutritional deficiencies caused by malabsorption and low nutrient intake due to elimination diets, avoidant and restrictive practices. Its diagnosis and treatment require interdisciplinary teams and family accompaniment. There are still gaps in protocols and research on nutritional impact. Conclusions: FA is classified according to the immune mediator involved and requires diagnosis and treatment guided by an elimination diet. Timely medical and nutritional care adapted to the context is key to preventing malnutrition. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2025; 75(3): 196-208. 2025-08-07T00:00:00Z http://bdigital2.ula.ve:8080/xmlui/654321/23005 Factores psicosociales asociados a la calidad dietética en estudiantes universitarios del sureste de México: un análisis según identidad étnica Ramírez-Díaz, María del Pilar; Rodríguez-López, Edna Isabel; Campos-Uscanga, Yolanda; González-Ponce, Ana María; Luna-Hernández, Jorge Fernando Introducción: La calidad dietética es uno de los factores modificables asociados con mayor mortalidad. Estudiar la dieta de los universitarios es relevante, ya que, se encuentran expuestos a factores como estrés, calidad de sueño, desregulación emocional, que impactan en el comportamiento alimentario. Además, las diferencias étnicas en este grupo poblacional han sido poco estudiadas. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la calidad de la dieta y su diferencia por identidad étnica de universitarios del sureste de México. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 182 universitarios a través de una encuesta en línea. Se determinó la calidad de la dieta mediante la encuesta MINI-ECCA y se evaluaron factores como el IMC, estrés, actividad física, calidad del sueño y alimentación emocional. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS V27, con el que se realizaron análisis de tipo descriptivo, se estimaron coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y modelos predictivos por medio de regresión lineal, considerando un valor significativo de p <0,05. Resultados: En la muestra total, una ingesta saludable (mayor calidad dietética) tuvo relación negativa con la respuesta a la saciedad (ß=-,163), esta asociación se mantuvo en estudiantes indígenas, donde además la ingesta saludable se asoció al estrés percibido; mientras que en estudiantes mestizos no se encontraron asociaciones. La respuesta a la saciedad (ß=-1,250) y el estrés percibido (ß=-0,620) se consideraron variables predictoras para una ingesta saludable en el grupo de estudiantes indígenas. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias en algunos factores asociados a la ingesta saludable considerando la etnicidad por lo que las intervenciones deben adaptarse culturalmente. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2025; 75(3): 184-195.; Introduction: Dietary quality is one of the modifiable factors associated with higher mortality. Studying the diet of university students is relevant, as they are exposed to factors such as stress, sleep quality, and emotional dysregulation, which impact eating behavior. In addition, ethnic differences in this population group have been little studied. Objective: To identify the factors associated with diet quality and its differences by ethnic identity among university students in southeastern Mexico. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 182 university students through an online survey. Diet quality was determined using the MINI-ECCA survey, and factors such as BMI, stress, physical activity, sleep quality, and emotional eating were evaluated. The SPSS V27 statistical package was used to perform descriptive analyses, estimate Pearson correlation coefficients, and develop predictive models using linear regression, considering a significant value of p <0,05. Results: In the total sample, higher dietary quality was negatively related to satiety response (ß=-,163). This association was maintained in indigenous students, where diet quality was also associated with perceived stress, while no associations were found in mestizo students. Satiety response (ß=-1,250) and perceived stress (ß=-0,620) were considered predictor variables for a higher quality diet in the indigenous student group. Conclusions: There are differences in some factors associated with diet quality considering ethnicity, so interventions must be culturally adapted. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2025; 75(3): 184-195. 2025-08-20T00:00:00Z