Posición de Venezuela Frente a Guyana en la Controversia Territorial por el Esequibo

Abstract

147 Para el año 1811 en Venezuela se suscribe el Acta de Independencia respecto de la Corona Española, estableciéndose como territorio de la República el perteneciente a la Capitanía General de Venezuela y fijándose como frontera occidental el Río Esequibo. En 1897, de la firma del Tratado Arbitral de Washington, derivaría el Laudo de París de 1899, despojando a Venezuela de 159.000 Km2 siendo denunciado éste último en 1962 ante la AG-ONU por considerarse nulo e irrito. Desde entonces, se recurrió a los diversos medios de solución pacífica de controversias, sin obtener ningún resultado. En 2018, Guyana solicitó que la controversia fuera dirimida por la CIJ, cuya jurisdicción no ha aceptado Venezuela. El presente artículo analiza la posición de Venezuela, frente a Guyana en su controversia, a partir de una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, enmarcado en la descripción y análisis con un alcance descriptivo y documental, concluyendo que Venezuela tiene argumentos que demuestran sus derechos sobre ese territorio, a los fines de recuperarlo.

For the year 1811 in Venezuela the Act of Independence is signed with respect to the Spanish Crown, establishing as territory of the Republic the one belonging to the General Captaincy of Venezuela and establishing the western border as the Essequibo River. Since 1835 numerous attempts were made to delimit the border with Guyana, without these being conclusive, which led in 1897 to the signing of the Arbitration Treaty of Washington, which would derive the 1899 Paris Award that would strip Venezuela of an extension of 159,000 km2, the latter being denounced in 1961 before the General Assembly of the United Nations because it was considered null and void. Since then, recourse has been had to the various means of peaceful settlement of international disputes contemplated in the Charter of the United Nations without obtaining any results. In 2018, Guyana requested that the dispute be settled by the ICJ, jurisdiction who has not accepted Venezuela. The objective is analyze Venezuelan position against Guyana in the dispute over the Esequibo, based on a qualitative research, framed in the description and analysis and following a design documentary. Venezuela has sufficient arguments which demonstrate its rights.