El marxismo guatemalteco: la singularidad de un marxismo latinoamericano atravesado por el “Debate Étnico”

Abstract

El pueblo de Guatemala ha atestiguado una intensa historia política, social e intelectual de la que ha sido el protagonista principal organizado en movimientos sociales de enorme importancia. Esta importancia obedece al alto nivel teórico y a la capacidad de creación de importantes figuras dentro de diferentes escuelas de pensamiento, entre las que destaca el marxismo en tanto que, desde su entrada en los círculos obreros guatemaltecos a inicios del siglo XX, en su seno, se han gestado profundas reflexiones, innovadoras propuestas y enconados debates a medida que las condiciones materiales exigían apuestas creativas para superar los problemas que planteaban; especialmente, en el contexto de una guerra civil. A uno de estos debates pretende dedicarse este trabajo: a aquel que, bajo las condiciones que imponía la lucha armada, posicionó, en el centro de la polémica, al marxismo y a las complejas relaciones étnicas en el seno de la sociedad guatemalteca

The People of Guatemala has witnessed an intense political, social and intellectual history in which it has been the main protagonist through organizing in social movements of huge importance. This importance is due to the high theoretical level and creative capacity of many of its most important intellectual figures that worked within the framework of different schools of thought, among which Marxism stands out, since its introduction into workingmen circles at the beginning of the 20thcentury, as a framework through which deep reflections, innovative proposals and ardent debates have been conceived as material conditions demanded creative efforts to overcome the problems that they posed; especially, in the context of a civil war. It is to one of these debates that this work wants to dedicate its efforts: to that debate that, under the conditions imposed by armed struggle, put Marxism and the complex ethnic relations developed within Guatemalan society at the center of the polemic